055 激励机制
在所有公司中，联邦快递的激励措施是我最喜欢的。该公司的系统核心是在半夜把所有的飞机聚集到同一个地方，货物在飞机之间进行搬运，这保证了货物运送的完整衔接。如果延迟，整个操作就没有办法把货物顺利地发给联邦快递公司的客户。然而，联邦快递过去总是搞砸，从来就没有做到按时交付。联邦快递尝试了所有办法，比如做思想工作、威胁等，都没有效果。最后，有人想到一个办法，即所有工人不按小时付费，而是按搬运次数来付费，只要货物搬运完毕，工人即可回家。很快，问题就解决了。
From all business, my favorite case on incentives is Federal Express. The heart and soul of their system— which creates the integrity of theproduct—is having all their airplanes come to one place in the middle of the night and shift all the packages from plane to plane. If there are delays, the whole operation can't deliver a product full of integrity to Federal Express customers. And it was always screwed up. They could never get it done on time. They tried everything—moral suasion, threats, you name it. And nothing worked. Finally, somebody got theidea to pay all these people not so much an hour, but so much a shift—and when it's all done, they can go home. Well, their problems cleared up overnight.
 
芒格在这里说的正是激励措施的问题。所有按小时获得薪资的人都知道，如果工人按小时计酬，他们的工作效率比按工作量计酬要低。为什么？因为如果是按照小时来付费，他们有动机为了挣更多的钱而让工作时间变长，从而使工作效率降低。联邦快递努力将管理目标和员工激励保持一致。按小时付费时，公司员工从不着急，而如果按特定的任务量来付费，比如给飞机装载货物，那么他们会快速行动起来完成工作。该激励措施的核心是不再按任务或班次来支付工人报酬，而是只要完成任务就可以早回家，并且能够拿到全部的工资，这可以认为是一种财务奖励。$格力电器(SZ000651)$