of TOPCon solar cells when exposed to high humidity and contaminants, and 2) the high risk associated with
certain POE types, which could potentially adversely affect TOPCon cells. Hence, it is crucial to exercise utmost
caution and precision in handling and selecting encapsulation materials for TOPCon modules. Accordingly, urgent
and extensive research efforts are crucial to substantially increase our comprehension and fortify the reliability
of TOPCon cells against the pernicious effects of moisture and other contaminants.